Lubrication Performance and Mechanism of Water-Based TiO2 Nanolubricants in Micro Deep Drawing of Pure Titanium Foils

Micro deep drawing (MDD) is a fundamental process in microforming which has wide applications micro electromechanical system (MEMS) and biological engineering. Titanium possesses excellent mechanical properties biocompatibility, makes it preferred material micromanufacturing. In this study, eco-friendly low-cost water-based TiO2 nanolubricants were developed applied the MDD with 40 μm-thick pure titanium foils. The lubricants consisting of nanoparticles (NPs), 10 wt% glycerol, 0.1 sodium dodecyl-benzene sulfonate (SDBS) balanced water synthesised facile process. was carried out using varying concentrations 0.5, 1.0 2.0 wt%. results show that formability cups could be significantly improved when are applied. Especially, use nanolubricant demonstrates best lubrication performance by reducing final forces, surface roughness, wrinkles up to 24.2%, 12.55% 4.82%, respectively. mechanisms including ball bearing mending effects NPs on open lubricant pockets (OLPs) close (CLPs) areas then revealed through microstructure observation.